Δείκτες Οικονομικής Ελευθερίας Χωρών το 2016 2016 Index of Economic Freedom © 2016 by The Heritage Foundation. All Rights Reserved. Δυστυχώς, η Ελλάδα βρίσκεται πάρα πολύ πίσω, καταλαμβάνοντας την 138η θέση μεταξύ των 178 χωρών που αξιολογήθηκαν από το Heritage Foundation, ίδρυμα μελετών/ ερευνών διεθνούς κύρους. Το Heritage Foundation αξιολογεί την οικονομική ελευθερία των χωρών (σχετίζεται άμεσα με την επιχειρηματικότητα και την προσέλκυση επενδυτών) με βάση σειρά κριτηρίων και μεθοδολογία που εκτίθεται αναλυτικά στην ιστοσελίδα http://www.heritage.org/index Μάλιστα δε, όπως προκύπτει από τα διαγράμματα που ακολουθούν, η πορεία της χώρας είναι καθοδική.Διαχρονικές επιδόσεις της ΕλλάδαςΣχέση Ελληνικού δείκτη 2016 με λοιπούςΔιαχρονική σύγκριση δεικτών Ελλάδας, Ευρώπης, Μέσου Παγκοσμίου Όρου1/6Κατάταξη των 178 χωρών ως προς την οικονομική ελευθερία Free - Ελεύθερες σειράχώραγενικός δείκτηςαλλαγή ως προς το 20151Hong Kong88.6-1.02Singapore87.8-1.63New Zealand81.6-0.54Switzerland81.0+0.55Australia80.3-1.1Mostly Free - Ως επί το πλείστον ελέυθερες σειράχώραγενικός δείκτηςαλλαγή ως προς το 20156Canada78.0-1.17Chile77.7-0.88Ireland77.3+0.79Estonia77.2+0.410United Kingdom76.4+0.611United States75.4-0.812Denmark75.3-1.013Lithuania75.2+0.514Taiwan74.7-0.415Mauritius74.7-1.716The Netherlands74.6+0.917Germany74.4+0.618Bahrain74.3+0.919Luxembourg73.9+0.720Iceland73.3+1.321Czech Republic73.2+0.722Japan73.1-0.223Georgia72.6-0.424Finland72.6-0.825United Arab Emirates72.6+0.226Sweden72.0-0.727South Korea71.7+0.228Austria71.7+0.529Malaysia71.5+0.730Botswana71.1+1.331The Bahamas70.9+2.232Norway70.8-1.033Colombia70.8-0.934Qatar70.7-0.12/635Israel70.7+0.236Latvia70.4+0.737Macau70.1-0.238Saint Lucia70.0-0.2Moderately Free - Σχετικώς ελεύθερες σειράχώραγενικός δείκτηςαλλαγή ως προς το 201539Poland69.3+0.740Saint Vincent and the Grenadines68.8+0.841Uruguay68.8+0.242Cyprus68.7+0.843Spain68.5+0.944Belgium68.4-0.445Barbados68.3+0.446Jordan68.3-1.047FYROM67.5+0.448Jamaica67.5-0.249Peru67.4-0.350Costa Rica67.4+0.251Brunei Darussalam67.3-1.652Oman67.1+0.453Dominica67.0+0.954Armenia67.0-0.155Malta66.7+0.256Slovakia66.6-0.657Cabo Verde66.5+0.158Hungary66.0-0.859Albania65.9+0.260Bulgaria65.9-0.961Romania65.6-1.062Mexico65.2-1.263El Salvador65.1-0.664Portugal65.1-0.265Montenegro64.9+0.266Panama64.8+0.767Thailand63.9+1.568Kazakhstan63.6+0.369Samoa63.5+1.670Philippines63.1+0.971Rwanda63.1-1.772Ghana63.00.073Trinidad and Tobago62.9-1.274Kuwait62.7+0.23/675France62.3-0.276Seychelles62.2+4.777Serbia62.1+2.178Saudi Arabia62.10.079Turkey62.1-1.180South Africa61.9-0.781Namibia61.9+2.382Guatemala61.8+1.483Paraguay61.5+0.484Kosovo61.4N/A85Morocco61.3+1.286Italy61.2-0.587Madagascar61.1-0.688Dominican Republic61.00.089Vanuatu60.8-0.390Slovenia60.6+0.391Azerbaijan60.2-0.892Côte d'Ivoire60.0+1.5Mostly Unfree - Ως επί το πλείστον ανελεύθερες σειράχώραγενικός δείκτηςαλλαγή ως προς το 201593Sri Lanka59.9+1.394Swaziland59.7-0.295Tonga59.6+0.396Kyrgyz Republic59.6-1.797Bhutan59.5+2.198Lebanon59.5+0.299Indonesia59.4+1.3100Mongolia59.4+0.2101Benin59.3+0.5102Uganda59.3-0.4103Croatia59.1-2.4104Burkina Faso59.1+0.5105Gabon59.0+0.7106Zambia58.8+0.1107Fiji58.8-0.2108Bosnia and Herzegovina58.6-0.4109Nicaragua58.6+1.0110Tanzania58.5+1.0111Senegal58.1+0.3112Cambodia57.9+0.4113Honduras57.7+0.3114Tunisia57.6-0.1115Kenya57.5+1.94/6116Nigeria57.5+1.9117Moldova57.4-0.1118Belize57.4+0.6119The Gambia57.1-0.4120São Tomé and Príncipe56.7+3.4121Mali56.5+0.1122Brazil56.5-0.1123India56.2+1.6124Djibouti56.0-1.5125Egypt56.0+0.8126Pakistan55.9+0.3127Guyana55.4-0.1128Mauritania54.8+1.5129Niger54.3-0.3130Cameroon54.2+2.3131Vietnam54.0+2.3132Maldives53.9+0.5133Burundi53.9+0.2134Suriname53.8-0.4135Togo53.6+0.6136Guinea53.3+1.2137Bangladesh53.3-0.6138Greece53.2-0.8139Mozambique53.2-1.6140Papua New Guinea53.2+0.1141Comoros52.4+0.3142Sierra Leone52.3+0.6143Liberia52.2-0.5144China52.0-0.7145Guinea-Bissau51.8-0.2146Malawi51.8-3.0147Micronesia51.8+2.2148Ethiopia51.50.0149Tajikistan51.3-1.4150Haiti51.30.0151Nepal50.9-0.4152Lesotho50.6+1.0153Russia50.6-1.5154Algeria50.1+1.2Repressed - Καταπιεσμένες σειράχώραγενικός δείκτηςαλλαγή ως προς το 2015155Laos49.8-1.6156Angola48.9+1.05/6157Belarus48.8-1.0158Burma48.7+1.8159Ecuador48.6-0.6160Bolivia47.4+0.6161Solomon Islands47.00.0162Ukraine46.8-0.1163Democratic Republic of Congo46.4+1.4164Chad46.3+0.4165Kiribati46.2-0.2166Uzbekistan46.0-1.0167Timor-Leste45.8+0.3168Central African Republic45.2-0.7169Argentina43.8-0.3170Equatorial Guinea43.7+3.3171Iran43.5+1.7172Republic of Congo42.8+0.1173Eritrea42.7+3.8174Turkmenistan41.9+0.5175Zimbabwe38.2+0.6176Venezuela33.7-0.6177Cuba29.8+0.2178North Korea2.3+1.0Ακολουθεί απόσπασμα της ετήσιας έκθεσης του Heritage Foundation για το 2016, που αναφέρεται στην Ελλάδα (στην Αγγλική).6/6GREECE Economic Freedom Score 25World Rank:138Regional Rank:41Least freeeconomic freedom T he continuing lack of competitiveness tocompounds Greece’s worsening and political volatility. Bold policy actions are needed restore fis-5075 Most0100 free53.2Freedom Trend 57cal sustainability, enhance labor market flexibility, and tackle systemic corruption. ECONOMIC FREEDOM SNAPSHOT • 2016 Economic Freedom Score: 53.2 (down 0.8 point) • Economic Freedom Status: Mostly Unfree • Global Ranking: 138th • Regional Ranking: 41st in Europe • Notable Successes: Trade Freedom • Concerns: Management of Public Finance, Corruption, and Regulatory Efficiency • Overall Score Change Since 2012: –2.2Major fiscal weaknesses exposed by the debt and employment crisis have not been sufficiently addressed. Unemployment remains high, particularly among young people, and public unions and special interests stifle or delay adjustments to market conditions. BACKGROUND: Greece joined NATO in 1952 and the European Union in 1981. It adopted the euro in 2002. Following elections in January 2015, the Coalition of the Radical Left (Syriza) party assumed power on a pledge to end “austerity” and renegotiate debt repayments. In August, the EU Commission, International Monetary Fund, and European Central Bank agreed to a $95 billion bailout package in exchange for more fiscal and economic reforms and additional austerity. It was the third bailout package in five years. Prime Minister Alexis Tsipras resigned in August after his support in parliament crumbled following his signing of the deal, but he was able to reestablish his coalition following snap elections in September. Greece remains mired in political and economic uncertainty, and its future in the eurozone is uncertain. The economy, which depends on shipping and tourism, fell back into recession in the first quarter of 2015 after a brief upswing. Unemployment is the highest in the eurozone. How Do We Measure Economic Freedom?See page 467 for an explanation of the methodology or visit the Index Web site at heritage.org/index.56 55 54 53 5220122013201420152016Country Comparisons 53.2Country World Average60.7Regional Average66.9Free Economies83.9 020406080100Quick Facts Population: 11.0 million GDP (PPP): $284.3 billion 0.8% growth in 2014 5-year compound annual growth –4.8% $25,859 per capita Unemployment: 26.3% Inflation (CPI): –1.4% FDI Inflow: $2.2 billion Public Debt: 177.2% of GDP 2014 data unless otherwise noted. Data compiled as of September 2015.215GREECE (continued) THE TEN ECONOMIC FREEDOMS RULE OF LAWProperty Rights Freedom from CorruptionCountryRankWorld Average40.0 43.0 0204060801–Year Change69th 71stScore0 +3.0100Deeply rooted systemic cronyism and corruption, as well as the absence of a strong civil society, lie at the heart of the Greek debt crisis. Both public-sector and private-sector elites are able to plunder the country and their fellow citizens with impunity. Tax evasion is rampant. The judiciary is independent, but protection of property rights is not strongly enforced.Fiscal Freedom 64.4 GOVERNMENT 0.0 Government Spending SIZE158th 174th 020406080+0.2 0100The top personal income tax rate has increased to 42 percent. The top corporate tax rate is 26 percent. The overall tax burden equals about 33.5 percent of GDP. Government spending remains at over 50 percent of GDP, chronic budget deficits continue, and public debt far exceeds the size of the economy. Fiscal stability is highly dependent on eurozone creditors, and structural adjustments have been marginal.REGULATORY EFFICIENCYBusiness Freedom Labor Freedom Monetary Freedom73.8 50.2 77.748th 136th 86th 020406080+0.5 –1.4 –0.1100Efforts to enhance the business environment have been sporadic. The process for launching a company is fairly streamlined, but licensing requirements remain time-consuming. With high non-salary costs for employing a worker and rigid restrictions on work hours, the labor market remains stagnant. Resolution of the debt crisis will require privatization of heavily subsidized and loss-making state-owned enterprises.OPEN MARKETSTrade Freedom Investment Freedom Financial Freedom83.0 60.0 40.063rd 83rd 105th 0204060800 0 –10.0100EU members have a 1 percent average tariff rate. Trade agreements are currently being negotiated with countries that include the United States and Japan. Greece maintains non-tariff barriers to the provision of some professional services by non-EU providers. The financial system’s overall stability has been severely undermined, and banking has been under increasing strain.Long-Term Score Change (since 1995) RULE OF LAW Property Rights Freedom from Corruption216–30.0 –7.0GOVERNMENT SIZE Fiscal Freedom Government Spending+1.9 –55.3REGULATORY EFFICIENCYOPEN MARKETSBusiness Freedom +3.8 Labor Freedom –5.9 Monetary Freedom +12.4Trade Freedom +5.2 Investment Freedom –10.0 Financial Freedom +10.02016 Index of Economic Freedom