Δυστυχώς, η Ελλάδα βρίσκεται πάρα πολύ πίσω (ακριβώς μετά το Μπαγκλαντές), καταλαμβάνοντας την 138η θέση μεταξύ των 178 χωρών που αξιολογήθηκαν από το Heritage Foundation, ίδρυμα μελετών/ερευνών διεθνούς κύρους.
Δείκτες Οικονομικής Ελευθερίας Χωρών το 2016
2016 Index of Economic Freedom
© 2016 by The Heritage Foundation. All Rights Reserved.
Δυστυχώς, η Ελλάδα βρίσκεται πάρα πολύ πίσω, καταλαμβάνοντας την 138η θέση μεταξύ
των 178 χωρών που αξιολογήθηκαν από το Heritage Foundation, ίδρυμα μελετών/
ερευνών διεθνούς κύρους. Το Heritage Foundation αξιολογεί την οικονομική ελευθερία
των χωρών (σχετίζεται άμεσα με την επιχειρηματικότητα και την προσέλκυση επενδυτών)
με βάση σειρά κριτηρίων και μεθοδολογία που εκτίθεται αναλυτικά στην ιστοσελίδα
http://www.heritage.org/index
Μάλιστα δε, όπως προκύπτει από τα διαγράμματα που ακολουθούν, η πορεία της χώρας
είναι καθοδική.Διαχρονικές επιδόσεις της ΕλλάδαςΣχέση Ελληνικού δείκτη 2016 με λοιπούςΔιαχρονική σύγκριση δεικτών Ελλάδας, Ευρώπης, Μέσου Παγκοσμίου Όρου1/6Κατάταξη των 178 χωρών ως προς την οικονομική ελευθερία
Free - Ελεύθερες
σειράχώραγενικός
δείκτηςαλλαγή
ως προς
το 20151Hong Kong88.6-1.02Singapore87.8-1.63New Zealand81.6-0.54Switzerland81.0+0.55Australia80.3-1.1Mostly Free - Ως επί το πλείστον ελέυθερες
σειράχώραγενικός
δείκτηςαλλαγή
ως προς
το 20156Canada78.0-1.17Chile77.7-0.88Ireland77.3+0.79Estonia77.2+0.410United Kingdom76.4+0.611United States75.4-0.812Denmark75.3-1.013Lithuania75.2+0.514Taiwan74.7-0.415Mauritius74.7-1.716The Netherlands74.6+0.917Germany74.4+0.618Bahrain74.3+0.919Luxembourg73.9+0.720Iceland73.3+1.321Czech Republic73.2+0.722Japan73.1-0.223Georgia72.6-0.424Finland72.6-0.825United Arab Emirates72.6+0.226Sweden72.0-0.727South Korea71.7+0.228Austria71.7+0.529Malaysia71.5+0.730Botswana71.1+1.331The Bahamas70.9+2.232Norway70.8-1.033Colombia70.8-0.934Qatar70.7-0.12/635Israel70.7+0.236Latvia70.4+0.737Macau70.1-0.238Saint Lucia70.0-0.2Moderately Free - Σχετικώς ελεύθερες
σειράχώραγενικός
δείκτηςαλλαγή
ως προς
το 201539Poland69.3+0.740Saint Vincent and the
Grenadines68.8+0.841Uruguay68.8+0.242Cyprus68.7+0.843Spain68.5+0.944Belgium68.4-0.445Barbados68.3+0.446Jordan68.3-1.047FYROM67.5+0.448Jamaica67.5-0.249Peru67.4-0.350Costa Rica67.4+0.251Brunei Darussalam67.3-1.652Oman67.1+0.453Dominica67.0+0.954Armenia67.0-0.155Malta66.7+0.256Slovakia66.6-0.657Cabo Verde66.5+0.158Hungary66.0-0.859Albania65.9+0.260Bulgaria65.9-0.961Romania65.6-1.062Mexico65.2-1.263El Salvador65.1-0.664Portugal65.1-0.265Montenegro64.9+0.266Panama64.8+0.767Thailand63.9+1.568Kazakhstan63.6+0.369Samoa63.5+1.670Philippines63.1+0.971Rwanda63.1-1.772Ghana63.00.073Trinidad and Tobago62.9-1.274Kuwait62.7+0.23/675France62.3-0.276Seychelles62.2+4.777Serbia62.1+2.178Saudi Arabia62.10.079Turkey62.1-1.180South Africa61.9-0.781Namibia61.9+2.382Guatemala61.8+1.483Paraguay61.5+0.484Kosovo61.4N/A85Morocco61.3+1.286Italy61.2-0.587Madagascar61.1-0.688Dominican Republic61.00.089Vanuatu60.8-0.390Slovenia60.6+0.391Azerbaijan60.2-0.892Côte d'Ivoire60.0+1.5Mostly Unfree - Ως επί το πλείστον ανελεύθερες
σειράχώραγενικός
δείκτηςαλλαγή
ως προς
το 201593Sri Lanka59.9+1.394Swaziland59.7-0.295Tonga59.6+0.396Kyrgyz Republic59.6-1.797Bhutan59.5+2.198Lebanon59.5+0.299Indonesia59.4+1.3100Mongolia59.4+0.2101Benin59.3+0.5102Uganda59.3-0.4103Croatia59.1-2.4104Burkina Faso59.1+0.5105Gabon59.0+0.7106Zambia58.8+0.1107Fiji58.8-0.2108Bosnia and Herzegovina58.6-0.4109Nicaragua58.6+1.0110Tanzania58.5+1.0111Senegal58.1+0.3112Cambodia57.9+0.4113Honduras57.7+0.3114Tunisia57.6-0.1115Kenya57.5+1.94/6116Nigeria57.5+1.9117Moldova57.4-0.1118Belize57.4+0.6119The Gambia57.1-0.4120São Tomé and Príncipe56.7+3.4121Mali56.5+0.1122Brazil56.5-0.1123India56.2+1.6124Djibouti56.0-1.5125Egypt56.0+0.8126Pakistan55.9+0.3127Guyana55.4-0.1128Mauritania54.8+1.5129Niger54.3-0.3130Cameroon54.2+2.3131Vietnam54.0+2.3132Maldives53.9+0.5133Burundi53.9+0.2134Suriname53.8-0.4135Togo53.6+0.6136Guinea53.3+1.2137Bangladesh53.3-0.6138Greece53.2-0.8139Mozambique53.2-1.6140Papua New Guinea53.2+0.1141Comoros52.4+0.3142Sierra Leone52.3+0.6143Liberia52.2-0.5144China52.0-0.7145Guinea-Bissau51.8-0.2146Malawi51.8-3.0147Micronesia51.8+2.2148Ethiopia51.50.0149Tajikistan51.3-1.4150Haiti51.30.0151Nepal50.9-0.4152Lesotho50.6+1.0153Russia50.6-1.5154Algeria50.1+1.2Repressed - Καταπιεσμένες
σειράχώραγενικός
δείκτηςαλλαγή
ως προς
το 2015155Laos49.8-1.6156Angola48.9+1.05/6157Belarus48.8-1.0158Burma48.7+1.8159Ecuador48.6-0.6160Bolivia47.4+0.6161Solomon Islands47.00.0162Ukraine46.8-0.1163Democratic Republic of
Congo46.4+1.4164Chad46.3+0.4165Kiribati46.2-0.2166Uzbekistan46.0-1.0167Timor-Leste45.8+0.3168Central African Republic45.2-0.7169Argentina43.8-0.3170Equatorial Guinea43.7+3.3171Iran43.5+1.7172Republic of Congo42.8+0.1173Eritrea42.7+3.8174Turkmenistan41.9+0.5175Zimbabwe38.2+0.6176Venezuela33.7-0.6177Cuba29.8+0.2178North Korea2.3+1.0Ακολουθεί απόσπασμα της ετήσιας έκθεσης του Heritage Foundation για το 2016, που
αναφέρεται στην Ελλάδα (στην Αγγλική).6/6GREECE
Economic Freedom Score
25World Rank:138Regional Rank:41Least
freeeconomic freedom
T he continuing lack of competitiveness tocompounds
Greece’s worsening
and political
volatility. Bold policy actions are needed restore fis-5075
Most0100 free53.2Freedom Trend
57cal sustainability, enhance labor market flexibility, and
tackle systemic corruption.
ECONOMIC FREEDOM SNAPSHOT
• 2016 Economic Freedom Score: 53.2 (down 0.8 point)
• Economic Freedom Status: Mostly Unfree
• Global Ranking: 138th
• Regional Ranking: 41st in Europe
• Notable Successes: Trade Freedom
• Concerns: Management of Public Finance, Corruption, and
Regulatory Efficiency
• Overall Score Change Since 2012: –2.2Major fiscal weaknesses exposed by the debt and employment crisis have not been sufficiently addressed. Unemployment remains high, particularly among young
people, and public unions and special interests stifle or
delay adjustments to market conditions.
BACKGROUND: Greece joined NATO in 1952 and the European Union in 1981. It adopted the euro in 2002. Following
elections in January 2015, the Coalition of the Radical Left
(Syriza) party assumed power on a pledge to end “austerity”
and renegotiate debt repayments. In August, the EU Commission, International Monetary Fund, and European Central
Bank agreed to a $95 billion bailout package in exchange for
more fiscal and economic reforms and additional austerity.
It was the third bailout package in five years. Prime Minister
Alexis Tsipras resigned in August after his support in parliament crumbled following his signing of the deal, but he was
able to reestablish his coalition following snap elections in
September. Greece remains mired in political and economic
uncertainty, and its future in the eurozone is uncertain. The
economy, which depends on shipping and tourism, fell back
into recession in the first quarter of 2015 after a brief upswing.
Unemployment is the highest in the eurozone.
How Do We Measure Economic Freedom?See page 467 for an explanation of the methodology
or visit the Index Web site at heritage.org/index.56
55
54
53
5220122013201420152016Country Comparisons
53.2Country
World
Average60.7Regional
Average66.9Free
Economies83.9
020406080100Quick Facts
Population: 11.0 million
GDP (PPP): $284.3 billion
0.8% growth in 2014
5-year compound annual growth –4.8%
$25,859 per capita
Unemployment: 26.3%
Inflation (CPI): –1.4%
FDI Inflow: $2.2 billion
Public Debt: 177.2% of GDP
2014 data unless otherwise noted.
Data compiled as of September 2015.215GREECE (continued)
THE TEN ECONOMIC FREEDOMS
RULE OF
LAWProperty Rights
Freedom from CorruptionCountryRankWorld Average40.0
43.0
0204060801–Year
Change69th
71stScore0
+3.0100Deeply rooted systemic cronyism and corruption, as well as the absence of a strong civil society,
lie at the heart of the Greek debt crisis. Both public-sector and private-sector elites are able
to plunder the country and their fellow citizens with impunity. Tax evasion is rampant. The
judiciary is independent, but protection of property rights is not strongly enforced.Fiscal Freedom 64.4
GOVERNMENT
0.0
Government Spending
SIZE158th
174th
020406080+0.2
0100The top personal income tax rate has increased to 42 percent. The top corporate tax rate is
26 percent. The overall tax burden equals about 33.5 percent of GDP. Government spending remains at over 50 percent of GDP, chronic budget deficits continue, and public debt far
exceeds the size of the economy. Fiscal stability is highly dependent on eurozone creditors, and
structural adjustments have been marginal.REGULATORY
EFFICIENCYBusiness Freedom
Labor Freedom
Monetary Freedom73.8
50.2
77.748th
136th
86th
020406080+0.5
–1.4
–0.1100Efforts to enhance the business environment have been sporadic. The process for launching a
company is fairly streamlined, but licensing requirements remain time-consuming. With high
non-salary costs for employing a worker and rigid restrictions on work hours, the labor market
remains stagnant. Resolution of the debt crisis will require privatization of heavily subsidized
and loss-making state-owned enterprises.OPEN
MARKETSTrade Freedom
Investment Freedom
Financial Freedom83.0
60.0
40.063rd
83rd
105th
0204060800
0
–10.0100EU members have a 1 percent average tariff rate. Trade agreements are currently being negotiated with countries that include the United States and Japan. Greece maintains non-tariff barriers to the provision of some professional services by non-EU providers. The financial system’s
overall stability has been severely undermined, and banking has been under increasing strain.Long-Term Score Change (since 1995)
RULE OF LAW
Property Rights
Freedom from
Corruption216–30.0
–7.0GOVERNMENT
SIZE
Fiscal Freedom
Government
Spending+1.9
–55.3REGULATORY
EFFICIENCYOPEN MARKETSBusiness Freedom
+3.8
Labor Freedom
–5.9
Monetary Freedom +12.4Trade Freedom
+5.2
Investment Freedom –10.0
Financial Freedom +10.02016 Index of Economic Freedom